Slowed cell growth, altered cellular metabolism, chromosomal aberrations, and interference with cell attachment. No visible turbidity in medium. Difficult to detect by light microscopy due to small size (0.15-0.3 µm).
Common Causes
1Introduction through poor aseptic technique (mycoplasma found on human skin)
2Contaminated fetal bovine serum and other supplements
3Highly transmissible among neighboring contaminated cultures
4Standard 0.22 µm or 0.45 µm filtration fails to exclude mycoplasma
5Unaffected by cell wall-targeting antibiotics due to lack of cell walls
6Mycoplasma titer can reach 10^8 organisms/mL without causing visible turbidity
Solutions
1Establish routine mycoplasma screening using culture, DNA staining (DAPI/Hoechst), or PCR-based detection
2Use filters with 0.1 µm or smaller pores for media and buffer filtration
3Implement strict adherence to good laboratory practices
4Test all incoming cell lines in quarantine for two weeks without antibiotics
5Use mycoplasma detection and elimination kits from reputable suppliers
6Discard contaminated cultures immediately to prevent lab-wide spread
7Avoid routine antibiotic use which masks contamination and creates resistant strains