This article presents a bovine mammary gland biopsy using core and needle biopsy tools. Harvested tissue can be used for cell culture or to assess mammary physiology and metabolism including gene expression, protein expression, protein modifications, immunohistochemistry, and metabolite concentrations.
Total time
~1.5–2 hours per animal (including preparation, analgesia, biopsy, and immediate post-procedure care)
Model organism
Bovine (cattle)
Steps
1
Prepare animals for biopsy procedure
Prepare the bovine subject according to protocol requirements, including restraint and positioning for safe access to the mammary gland.
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2
Administer analgesia and sedation
Deliver appropriate analgesic and sedative agents to minimize animal stress and pain during the biopsy procedure.
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3
Prepare and sanitize biopsy site
Clean and disinfect the mammary gland biopsy site using aseptic technique to prevent contamination and infection.
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4
Perform core and needle biopsy
Execute core and needle biopsy techniques to harvest viable mammary gland tissue samples for analysis.
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5
Monitor and care for animal post-biopsy
Provide appropriate post-operative animal care, monitoring, and recovery protocols to ensure animal welfare and tissue viability.
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6
Evaluate tissue quality and morphology
Assess harvested tissue samples for quality, viability, and representative cellular and tissue characteristics using microscopy and morphological analysis.
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