Cell Biology JoVE (Open Access) Citable · DOI

Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock

Name: Fixed Volume or Fixed Pressure: A Murine Model of Hemorrhagic Shock
Uploaded: 2026-06-21
Duration: 16 min 31 s
Description: It is common knowledge that severe blood loss and traumatic injury can lead to a cascade of detrimental signaling events often resulting in mortality. 1, ...

DOI: 10.3791/2068-v

What you'll learn

✓ Perform surgical catheterization and hemorrhagic shock induction in mice
✓ Execute fixed-volume or fixed-pressure hemorrhage protocols with hemodynamic monitoring
✓ Conduct fluid resuscitation and measure end-organ damage responses
✓ Analyze inflammatory signaling cascades following hemorrhagic trauma

Protocol

The Hemorrhagic Shock model has been a reliable and reproducible resource facilitating the identification and understanding of signaling cascades associated with inflammation and end-organ damage after trauma. This article provides a step-by-step description of surgical and mechanical aspects associated with the Hemorrhagic Shock experimental procedure in mice.

Difficulty

advanced

Total time

~3–4 hours per mouse (including surgery, shock induction, resuscitation, and monitoring)

Model organism

Mouse (strain unspecified, typical C57BL/6 or similar)

Biosafety

BSL-1

Steps

Prepare surgical instruments and anesthesia equipment

Sterilize and arrange surgical tools, prepare anesthetic agents, and set up monitoring devices for murine surgery. Ensure all equipment is functional and ready for sterile procedure.

▶ 01:31

Anesthetize mouse and establish vascular access

Induce anesthesia via intraperitoneal injection, position the mouse, and surgically insert catheters into femoral artery and vein for blood withdrawal and resuscitation fluid delivery.

▶ 05:38

Initiate hemorrhagic shock via fixed volume or pressure

Withdraw blood at a controlled rate to achieve either a target blood volume loss (fixed-volume protocol) or mean arterial pressure threshold (fixed-pressure protocol) to induce hemorrhagic shock state.

▶ 11:11

Resuscitate and monitor hemodynamic recovery

Infuse crystalloid or colloid resuscitation fluids intravenously and continuously monitor arterial pressure, heart rate, and other vital parameters throughout recovery period.

▶ 13:49

💬 Comments coming soon