Simple Distillation

Learn that distillation separates miscible liquids by boiling point differences. Identify all required equipment including heat source, round bottom flask, three-way adaptor, thermometer, condenser, and collection vessel.

Build the setup by placing the round bottom flask on a support and hot plate, attaching the three-way adaptor with thermometer adaptor on top, and securing the flask with a clamp. Ensure all joints are sealed and the thermometer is positioned just below the sidearm.

Attach the condenser to the three-way adaptor arm and secure it using a clamp and vacuum adaptor. Connect inlet and outlet hoses to enable cold water flow through the outer chamber of the condenser to cool the vapor.

Add the graduated cylinder collector beneath the condenser outlet. Check all joints for tight seals, secure clamps and adaptors, add connector clips to prevent separation, and turn on the water flow through the condenser.

Pour the 50:50 isopropyl alcohol and water mixture with dye into the round bottom flask to approximately halfway capacity. Add a stirring bar for even heating and a boiling chip to promote calm boiling.

Turn on the stirrer to a moderate speed (around 5), verify water flow through the condenser, and activate the heater to medium temperature. Allow the mixture to come to an even boil, with vapor rising into the condenser.

Monitor the condensed isopropyl alcohol dripping into the graduated cylinder and record the total volume collected with corresponding vapor temperatures at regular intervals. Continue collection until reaching approximately 25 mL (the original alcohol volume) or until temperature rises significantly above 82.5°C.

Stop heating when the desired distillate volume is collected or when temperature exceeds the boiling point of the target compound. Observe the clear isopropyl alcohol distillate compared to the original colored mixture, confirming successful separation of the liquid components.