Bacterial Contamination in Wash or Incubation Buffers
Symptom
Sporadic signal loss or high background that worsens over time during multi-day experiments. Cloudy or turbid buffer appearance. Inconsistent results when using same buffer batch.
Common Causes
1Bacterial growth in buffers stored at room temperature or 4°C without preservatives
2Contamination introduced through non-sterile pipette tips or reagent bottles
3Bacterial proteases degrade antibodies and protein targets in buffer
4Bacterial components bind non-specifically to plate and increase background
Solutions
1Use fresh, sterile PBS or manufacturer-supplied sterile buffers for each experiment
2Prepare wash and incubation buffers fresh on day of use; discard any leftovers
3Add preservatives to buffers if stored: 0.02% sodium azide (avoid with HRP) or 0.05% ProClin-300
4Use sterile technique: filter buffers through 0.22 µm membrane and use sterile pipette tips
5Store prepared buffers at 4°C for maximum 1 week; inspect for cloudiness before use