High Coefficient of Variation Between Standard Replicates
Symptom
Duplicate or triplicate wells for the same standard concentration show high variability (CV >10-15%), compromising curve fit and confidence in quantification.
Common Causes
1Inadequate mixing of standard solution before dispensing into replicate wells
2Inconsistent pipetting technique with variable tip immersion depth or dispensing angle
3Air bubbles in pipette tips or wells interfering with accurate volume delivery
4Uneven coating or washing of ELISA plate wells leading to differential binding
5Temperature gradients across plate during incubation (edge effects)
Solutions
1Mix standard solution thoroughly by pipetting up and down gently 5-8 times immediately before dispensing replicates
2Use consistent pipetting technique: maintain vertical pipette orientation and consistent tip immersion depth
3Inspect for and remove air bubbles from pipette tips before dispensing and from wells after dispensing
4Tap plate gently on benchtop after adding reagents to dislodge bubbles
5Place plate in center of incubator; avoid outer rows/columns if edge effects are suspected
6Consider running standards in triplicates rather than duplicates to enable outlier detection