Recovered RNA concentration is significantly lower than expected based on input amount. Spectrophotometric measurement shows inadequate RNA quantity for downstream applications.
Common Causes
1Incorrect buffer reconstitution or order of reagent addition during protocol execution
2Insufficient mixing of ethanol with RNA sample and RNA Cleanup Binding Buffer before column loading
3Incomplete saturation of column matrix - elution water not delivered directly to center of column
4High degree of RNA secondary structure affecting binding and elution of small RNAs (< 45 nt)
5Premature discarding of flow-through or eluents during protocol steps
Solutions
1Verify protocol adherence: confirm correct buffer reconstitution, reagent addition order, and proper handling of all flow-through and eluent fractions
2Thoroughly mix ethanol with RNA sample and RNA Cleanup Binding Buffer by vortexing or pipetting before applying to column
3Deliver nuclease-free elution water directly to the center of the column matrix; allow complete saturation before centrifugation
4For small RNAs (< 45 nt) with suspected secondary structure, dilute sample with 2 volumes of ethanol instead of 1 volume in Step 2
5Use larger elution volumes (note: will dilute sample), perform multiple elutions, or extend incubation time to 2-5 minutes on column before centrifugation