Real lab failures, root causes, and fixes — curated and bilingually annotated by our team.
Non-specific dark dots or speckled pattern appear across the membrane background, not localized to protein bands. The signal appears as discrete spots rather than uniform background.
Target protein bands appear white or light-colored instead of dark on film or imager. The bands are present but show inverted contrast, appearing as 'ghost bands' where signal should be strongest.
Uneven white spots, circular patches, or smudged areas appear on the membrane where no signal is detected. These areas correspond to regions where protein transfer did not occur.
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